Friday, January 29, 2010

switch和if else的差別

下午無聊忽然想到這個問題,就寫個sample反組譯一下:
gcc -S practice.c


#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int a = 1;

switch(a) {
case 1:
printf("case 1\n");
break;
case 2:
printf("case 2\n");
break;
case 3:
printf("case 3\n");
};

if (a == 1) {
printf("case 1\n");
} else if (a == 2) {
printf("case 2\n");
} else if (a == 3) {
printf("case 3\n");
}
return 0;
}

組合語言的程式如下:

.file "practice.c"
.section .rodata
.LC0:
.string "case 1"
.LC1:
.string "case 2"
.LC2:
.string "case 3"
.text
.globl main
.type main, @function
main:
pushl %ebp
movl %esp, %ebp
andl $-16, %esp
subl $32, %esp
movl $1, 28(%esp)
movl 28(%esp), %eax
cmpl $2, %eax
je .L4
cmpl $3, %eax
je .L5
cmpl $1, %eax
jne .L2
.L3:
movl $.LC0, (%esp)
call puts
jmp .L2
.L4:
movl $.LC1, (%esp)
call puts
jmp .L2
.L5:
movl $.LC2, (%esp)
call puts
.L2:
cmpl $1, 28(%esp)
jne .L6
movl $.LC0, (%esp)
call puts
jmp .L7
.L6:
cmpl $2, 28(%esp)
jne .L8
movl $.LC1, (%esp)
call puts
jmp .L7
.L8:
cmpl $3, 28(%esp)
jne .L7
movl $.LC2, (%esp)
call puts
.L7:
movl $0, %eax
leave
ret
.size main, .-main
.ident "GCC: (Ubuntu 4.4.1-4ubuntu8) 4.4.1"
.section .note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits

你可以看出,switch case是在等於判斷條件的時候才會jmp,而if else是每次不等於判斷敘述就jmp。所以在使用上如果是case較於分散的例子,應該要用switch這種方式,若是有一種條件是主要的發生狀況(>50%),則要用if else,且把他放在第一判斷條件處(因為放在第一個位置可以減少一個jmp,若是放在switch則每次至少需要一次的jmp)。其他的話用哪個都沒差,主要使用上不管是switch or if else,都一定要按照發生的比率從前面排下來,才能減少判斷上的時間浪費。

5 意見:

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